Research Starter Guide · Edition 01

Getting your first vial right, from the first draw.

A plain-language reference for reconstitution, measurement and commonly referenced starting points across six of the most-studied peptides — built for researchers who are new to handling lyophilised compounds.

Read time9 min
Compounds covered6
Skill levelBeginner
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01 — RECONSTITUTION

Turning a lyophilised vial into a working solution

Every peptide arrives as a freeze-dried powder. Reconstitution simply means adding a liquid — almost always bacteriostatic water — to bring it back into solution so it can be measured and drawn accurately.

01

Sanitise everything

Wipe the vial stopper and your work surface with an alcohol swab before you begin. Use a fresh needle for reconstitution and, ideally, a separate one for drawing doses.

02

Add the water slowly

Insert the needle at an angle and let the bacteriostatic water run down the inside wall of the vial rather than hitting the powder directly.

03

Don't shake it

Peptide bonds can shear under agitation. Swirl the vial gently between your palms until the solution runs clear, then let it sit for a minute.

04

Label and date it

Note the concentration and reconstitution date on the vial itself. Most reconstituted peptides are best used within 2–4 weeks when refrigerated.

The only formula you need
peptide (mg) ÷ water added (mL) = concentration (mg/mL)
Example: a 5mg vial reconstituted with 2mL of bacteriostatic water gives a concentration of 2.5mg/mL — or 2,500mcg per mL.

Prefer not to do the maths by hand? The reconstitution & dosage calculator on our product pages will do this for you automatically — just enter your vial size and desired dose.

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02 — MEASUREMENT

Unit conversions, at a glance

Most confusion at this stage comes from moving between milligrams, micrograms and the "unit" markings on an insulin syringe. This table covers the conversions you'll use every time you draw a dose.

Weight conversions
FromToConversion
1 milligram (mg)micrograms (mcg)1,000 mcg
0.5 milligram (mg)micrograms (mcg)500 mcg
0.1 milligram (mg)micrograms (mcg)100 mcg
1 gram (g)milligrams (mg)1,000 mg
Common insulin syringe sizes
Syringe sizeFull capacityBest for
0.3mL syringe30 unitsSmall daily doses — widest spacing between marks, easiest to read precisely
0.5mL syringe50 unitsSmall–medium doses — a common middle ground
1mL syringe100 unitsLarger or weekly doses that need more volume

On every one of these, 1 unit always equals 0.01mL — a 0.3mL syringe doesn't measure differently to a 1mL syringe, it just has fewer units to work with and wider spacing, which makes small doses easier to read accurately.

The trap beginners fall into
"20 units" is not a dose
A unit reading only means something once you know two things: how much peptide is in the vial, and how much bacteriostatic water you added to it.
Same syringe reading, three different reconstitutions of a 5mg vial
Bac water addedConcentrationWhat 20 units delivers
1 mL5 mg/mL1,000 mcg
2 mL2.5 mg/mL500 mcg
5 mL1 mg/mL200 mcg

Draw to 20 units on any of those three vials and you'd be pinning a completely different amount — because the units on your syringe describe volume, and volume only maps to a dose once you know the concentration.

That's why it's worth training yourself to remember your dose (e.g. 250mcg), not your units (e.g. "20 units"). Your dose stays true no matter how you reconstitute next time — your unit count doesn't. It's also the only version of that information that's actually useful to anyone else: if a person tells you they "pin 20 units," that's meaningless without knowing their vial size and how much bac water they added. If they tell you they pin 250mcg, you know exactly what they're taking.

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03 — COMPOUND PROFILES

Six commonly studied peptides

A quick reference for what each compound is, why it turns up in research protocols, and the starting points most commonly referenced in the community. These are starting ranges for research purposes, not prescriptions — see the note at the end of this guide.

BPC-157
Body Protection Compound-157
Repair & recovery

Why researchers use it

A stable 15-amino-acid fragment derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice. It's one of the most widely studied peptides for tissue repair — particularly tendon, ligament and gut-lining models — and is often paired with TB-500 in recovery-focused protocols.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 10mg vials. Reconstituting with 2mL of bacteriostatic water gives a 5mg/mL solution, a convenient concentration for small daily doses.

Acute issues
1,000 mcg
Ongoing support
250–500 mcg / day
Common vial size
10mg
Retatrutide
Triple receptor agonist (GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon)
Metabolic research

Why researchers use it

The newest and most potent of the incretin-class peptides in wide research use, acting on three metabolic receptor pathways at once. It's studied primarily in the context of body composition and metabolic markers, and is dosed on a weekly rather than daily cycle.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 5–10mg vials. Because doses are small relative to vial size, reconstituting with 2mL gives enough resolution to measure weekly doses accurately on an insulin syringe.

Starting dose
500 mcg / week
Titration
+250–500 mcg weekly, goal-dependent
Frequency
Once weekly
TB-500
Synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4
Repair & recovery

Why researchers use it

Studied for its role in cell migration and structural protein regulation, TB-500 is a frequent subject in soft-tissue and flexibility-related research, often run alongside BPC-157 as a "loading and maintenance" pair.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 10mg vials. Reconstituting with 2mL of bacteriostatic water gives a 5mg/mL solution, keeping the higher loading-phase dose within a single, easy-to-draw syringe volume.

Loading phase (first month)
3–4 mg / week
Maintenance (after)
2.5 mg / week
Common vial size
10mg
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide
Metabolic research

Why researchers use it

Encoded within mitochondrial DNA, MOTS-c is studied for its signalling role in metabolic regulation and exercise physiology, making it a common subject in research looking at insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 10mg vials. Reconstituting with 2mL gives a 5mg/mL solution, well suited to the larger per-dose amounts commonly used.

Commonly referenced range
0.5–2 mg / dose
Typical frequency
Every other day — start low, titrate up
Common vial size
10mg
GHK-Cu
Copper-binding tripeptide
Skin & tissue research

Why researchers use it

A naturally occurring copper complex that declines with age, GHK-Cu is one of the most established peptides in dermal and wound-healing research, and appears in both topical and injectable study formats.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 50mg vials for injectable research use. Reconstituting with 5mL gives a 10mg/mL solution — dilute further if working with very small daily doses.

Commonly referenced range
1–2 mg / day
Typical frequency
Daily or every other day
Common vial size
50mg
KPV
Tripeptide fragment of alpha-MSH
Inflammatory research

Why researchers use it

The smallest peptide on this list, KPV is studied for its anti-inflammatory signalling activity, particularly in gut and skin models, without the pigmentation effects associated with full-length alpha-MSH.

Reconstitution notes

Typically supplied in 10mg vials. A 2mL reconstitution (5mg/mL) is a practical concentration for the small daily doses most protocols call for.

Commonly referenced range
200–500 mcg / day
Typical frequency
Once daily
Common vial size
10mg
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04 — HANDLING

Storage basics

Lyophilised (unmixed)
Fridge or freezer
Stable for months when kept cold and out of light.
Reconstituted
2–4 weeks
Refrigerate immediately after mixing; avoid room temperature storage.
Light exposure
Keep dark
Store vials in their box or wrapped in foil — most peptides are light-sensitive.
Between uses
Don't refreeze
Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated rather than cycling between fridge and freezer.